The carrier effective mass plays a crucial role in modern electronic, optical, and catalytic devices and is fundamentally related to key properties of solids such as the mobility and density of states. Here we demonstrate a method to deterministically engineer the effective mass using spatial confinement in metallic quantum wells of the transition metal oxide IrO2.

Self-organization of discrete fates in human gastruloids is mediated by a hierarchy of signaling pathways. How these pathways are integrated in time, and whether cells maintain a memory of their signaling history remains obscure. Here, we dissect the temporal integration of two key pathways, WNT and ACTIVIN, which along with BMP control gastrulation.

We propose a lattice model for strongly interacting electrons with the potential to explain the main phenomenology of the strange metal phase in the cuprate high-temperature superconductors. Our model is motivated by the recently developed "tetrahedron" rank-3 tensor model that mimics much of the physics of the better-known Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. Our electron model has the following advantageous properties: (1) it needs only one orbital per site on the square lattice. (2) It does not require any quenched random interaction.

Topological defects, potential information carriers, were written into and erased from a solid with femtosecond light pulses. , Domain walls (DWs) are singularities in an ordered medium that often host exotic phenomena such as charge ordering, insulator-metal transition, or superconductivity. The ability to locally write and erase DWs is highly desirable, as it allows one to design material functionality by patterning DWs in specific configurations.

Unsupervised machine learning can provide an objective and comprehensive broad-level sector decomposition of stocks. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

The magnetic proximity effect (MPE) is a well-established magnetic phenomenon that occurs at certain heavy-metal (HM)/ferromagnet (FM) interfaces. However, there is still an active debate as to whether the presence of a MPE affects spin transport through such a HM/FM interface. Here we demonstrate that the MPE at Pt/Co and Au0.25Pt0.75/Co interfaces can be enhanced substantially by thermal annealing protocols.

Nematicity in quantum Hall systems has been experimentally well established at excited Landau levels. The mechanism of the symmetry breaking, however, is still unknown. Pomeranchuk instability of Fermi liquid parameter F≤-1 in the angular momentum =2 channel has been argued to be the relevant mechanism, yet there are no definitive theoretical proofs. Here we calculate, using the variational Monte Carlo technique, Fermi liquid parameters F of the composite fermion Fermi liquid with a finite layer width.

We report the growth of superconducting Sr2RuO4 thin films by molecular-beam epitaxy on (110) NdGaO3 substrates with transition temperatures of up to 1.8 K. We calculate and experimentally validate a thermodynamic growth window for the adsorption-controlled growth of superconducting Sr2RuO4 epitaxial thin films. The growth window for achieving superconducting Sr2RuO4 thin films is narrow in growth temperature, oxidant pressure, and ruthenium-to-strontium flux ratio. © 2018 Author(s).

Surface plasmons at a metal/dielectric interface resonate with incident light, generating an evanescent field at the interface, which is highly sensitive to the change in refractive index of the medium. These characteristics are utilized as the basis for surface plasmon resonance-based sensors with Kretschmann configuration, providing label-free and real-time monitoring of binding interaction between probe and target moieties.

Strong electronic correlations, emerging from the parent Mott insulator phase, are key to copper-based high-temperature superconductivity. By contrast, the parent phase of an iron-based high-temperature superconductor is never a correlated insulator. However, this distinction may be deceptive because Fe has five actived d orbitals while Cu has only one. In theory, such orbital multiplicity can generate a Hund’s metal state, in which alignment of the Fe spins suppresses inter-orbital fluctuations, producing orbitally selective strong correlations.